Timeline of programming languages |
This is a chronological list of programming languages.
See also Alphabetical list, Categorical list, and Generational list;
Programming language, Computing timeline, and History of computing hardware.
Pre 1950
* ~1840 FIRST PROGRAM--Ada Lovelace
* 1945 Plankalkül -- Konrad Zuse
1950s
* 1952 A-0 -- Grace Hopper
* 1954 Mark I Autocode -- Tony Brooker
A-0 ~1954 FORTRAN (First program September 20th 1954) -- John W. Backus
A-0 1954 ARITH-MATIC -- Grace Hopper
A-0 1954 MATH-MATIC -- Grace Hopper
A-0 1955 FLOW-MATIC -- Grace Hopper
* 1956 Information Processing Language (IPL) -- Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon
FLOW-MATIC 1957 COMTRAN -- Bob Bemer
FORTRAN 1958 FORTRAN II -- John W. Backus
FORTRAN 1958 Algol 58 -- ??
IPL 1959 LISP -- John McCarthy
1960s
FLOW-MATIC COMTRAN 1960 COBOL -- The Codasyl Committee
ALGOL 1960 Algol 60
ALGOL 1960 JOSS
FORTRAN II 1962 FORTRAN IV
* 1962 APL -- Iverson
ALGOL58 1962 MAD (Michigan Algorithm Decoder) -- Arden, et. al.
ALGOL60 1962 Simula
FORTRAN II 1962 SNOBOL -- Griswold, et al.
ALGOL60 1963 CPL -- Barron, Strachey, et al.
SNOBOL 1962 SNOBOL3 -- Griswold, et al.
CPL LISP 1964 COWSEL -- Burstall, Popplestone
ALGOL60 1964 PL/I -- IBM
FORTRAN II, JOSS 1964 BASIC -- Kemeny and Kurtz
1964 TRAC -- Mooers (work started in 1959)
FORTRAN II 1966 FORTRAN IV
LISP 1966 ISWIM -- Landin
ALGOL60 1966 CORAL66 Real Time version of Algol 60
CPL 1967 BCPL -- Richards
Fortran LISP 1967 MUMPS -- Massachusetts General Hospital
Simula 1967 Simula67
SNOBOL3 1967 SNOBOL4 -- Griswold, et al.
Algol60 1968 ALGOL 68 -- Wijngaarten, et al.
COWSEL 1968 POP-1 -- Burstall, Popplestone
1968 Forth -- Moore (first paper, 1970)
Lisp 1968 Logo -- Papert
1970s
POP-1 1970 POP-2
ALGOL60 1971 Pascal -- Wirth, Jensen
Simula67 1972 Smalltalk Environment -- Digitalk
B BCPL 1972 C -- Ritchie
* 1972 INTERCAL
* 1972 PROLOG -- Colmerauer
Pascal BASIC 1973 COMAL -- Christensen, Løfstedt
BASIC 1974 GRASS -- DeFanti
LISP 1975 Scheme -- Sussman, Steele
BASIC 1975 Altair BASIC -- Gates, Allen
C FORTRAN 1976 RATFOR -- Kernighan
MUMPS 1977 X11.1 ANSI Standard MUMPS
FORTRAN IV 1978 FORTRAN77
* 1978 VISICALC -- Bricklin, Frankston)
1979 REXX -- Cowlishaw 20 March
C SNOBOL 1979 Awk -- Aho, Weinberger, Kernighan
* 1979 VULCAN DBASE-II -- Ratliff )
Algol68 1979 Green -- Ichbiah et al., US Dept of Defense
1980s
C Simula67 1980 "C with Classes" -- Stroustrup
Simula67 1980 Smalltalk-80 -- Digitalk
Green 1983 Ada -- US Dept of Defense
C with Classes 1983 C++ -- Stroustrup
Pascal 1983 Turbo Pascal -- Hejlsberg
BASIC 1983 True BASIC -- Kemeny and Kurtz
* 1984 Standard ML (Standard Meta-Language)
dBase 1984 CLIPPER -- Nantucket
1977MUMPS 1985 1984 MUMPS
dBase 1985 PARADOX -- Borland
Interpress 1985 PostScript -- Warnock
BASIC 1985 QuickBASIC -- Microsoft
1986 LabVIEW -- National Instruments
Simula67 1986 Eiffel -- Meyer
* 1987 HyperTalk -- Apple
* 1987 SQL-1
Awk 1987 Perl -- Wall
MATLAB 1988 Octave
dBase-III 1988 dBaseIV
Awk Lisp 1988 Tcl -- Ousterhout
REXX 1988 Object REXX -- Simon Nash
Turbo-Pascal 1989 Turbo-Pascal+OOP -- Borland
C 1989 Standard C -- ANSI X3.159-1989 (adopted by ISO in 1990)
Pascal Modula-II 1989 OBERON -- Wirth
1990s
1990 Haskell
1984MUMPS 1990 1990 MUMPS
1991 Python -- Van Rossum
1991 Q
QuickBASIC 1991 Visual Basic -- Alan Cooper, Microsoft
SQL-1 1992 SQL-2
Turbo-Pascal OOP 1992 Borland Pascal
Forth 1993 FALSE -- Oortmerrsen
FALSE 1993 Brainfuck -- Mueller
HyperTalk 1993 Revolution
HyperCard 1993 AppleScript -- Apple
Perl Smalltalk 1993 Ruby
1993 Lua
Ada 83 1995 Ada 95 -- ISO
Borland Pascal 1995 Delphi(1) -- Borland
1995 Java -- Sun Microsystems
1990MUMPS 1995 1995 MUMPS
REXX 1996 NetRexx -- Cowlishaw
Standard ML,84 1997 SML'97
PHP 3 1997 PHP
Scheme 1997 Pico -- Free University of Brussels
C++ 1998 C++98 -- ANSI/ISO Standard C++
1998 Erlang programming language -- Open Source Erlang -- from Ericsson
2000s
2000 Joy -- von Thun
C C++ 2000 D -- Walter Bright, Digital Mars
C C++ COM Java 2000 C# -- Microsoft
DELPHI(5) 2001 KYLIX -- Borland
Whitespace 2003 Whitespace -- Brady and Morris
Perl C++ 2003 S2
C# ML MetaHaskell 2003 Nemerle -- University of Wroclaw
Programming languages with unknown or questionable dates
19?? TUTOR -- Tenczar (for Plato)
* 197? sh (Bourne Shell) -- Bourne
sh 19?? ksh (Korn Shell) -- Korn
1960s? IITRAN
ksh 199? zsh (Z Shell)
* 1990 Self -- Sun Microsystems Inc.
Self Java 199? LiveScript -- Brendan Eich, Netscape (Self inspired, made for Java interactions)
LiveScript 1995 JavaScript -- Netscape
JavaScript 1997 ECMAScript -- ECMA TC39-TG1
2003 Rikstation
Legend
Predecessor(s) YEAR PRODUCT -- developer, Company
( Entry ) means not a universal programming language
* <YEAR> means no direct predecessor / unique language
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