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Rear Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd (October 25, 1888 - March 11, 1957) was an pioneering polar explorer and famous aviator.
Byrd learned to fly in WWI during his tour with the United States Navy. He developed a passion for flight, and pioneered
many techniques for navigating airplanes over the open ocean including drift indicators and buuble sextants. His expertise in
this area resulted in his appointment to plan the flight path for the U.S. Navy's 1919 transatlantic crossing. Of the three
flying boats that attempted it, only Albert Read's aircraft completed the trip;
becoming the first ever transatlantic flight.
On May 9, 1926, Byrd and Floyd Bennett attempted a flight over
the North Pole. They claimed to have achieved the pole, however subsequent evidence from their diaries and mechanical analysis of
their plane has cast significant doubt on their claim. Nonetheless, this trip earned Byrd widespread acclaim, enabling him to
secure funding for subsequent attempts on the South Pole.
In 1928, Byrd began his first expedition to the Antarctic involving two ships and three
airplanes. A base camp was constructed on the Ross Ice Shelf and
scientific expeditions by dog-sled,
snowmobile, and airplane began.
Photographic expeditions and geological surveys were undertaken for the duration of that summer, and constant radio
communications were maintained with the outside world. After their first winter there expeditions were resumed and on November 29, 1929 the famous flight to the
South Pole was launched. Byrd, along with co-pilot Harold June and photographer McKinley flew the Floyd
Bennet to the South Pole and back in 18 hours, 41 minutes. They had difficulty gaining altitude, and had to dump empty gas
tanks as well as their emergency supplies in order to achieve the altitude of the Polar Plateau. However, the flight was
successful, and entered Byrd into the history books. After a further summer of exploration, the expedition returned to America on
June 18, 1930.
Byrd undertook three more expeditions to the south pole from 1933-1935 and 1939-1941, culminating in Operation Highjump from
1946-1947, the largest Antarctic expedition to date.
Byrd was also commanded Operation Deep Freeze, which established permanent Antarctic bases at McMurdo Sound, the Bay of Wales and the South Pole in 1955.
By the time Richard Byrd died on March 12, 1957. He had amassed twenty-two citations and special commendations, nine of which were for bravery and two for
extraordinary heroism in saving the lives of others. As well he earned the Medal of Honor, the Congressional Life Saving Medal, the Distinguished Service Medal, the Flying Cross and
the Navy Cross. However, Byrd was reportedly very modest about these achievements, preferring to dwell on the substance of his
adventures, and the stories of those that had gone awry.
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