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Pierre Monteux (April 4, 1875 - July 1, 1964) was an orchestra
conductor born in Paris,
France.
Monteux studied violin from an early age, entering the Paris Conservatoire at the age of nine. He became a proficient
violinist, good enough to jointly win the Conservatoire's violin prize in 1896 with Jacques Thibaud. However, he later took up the viola and played at
the Opéra-Comique, leading the viola section in the premiere of
Claude Debussy's opera,
Pelléas et Mélisande in 1902.
In 1911, with a little conducting experience in Dieppe behind him, Monteux became
conductor of Sergei Diaghilev's ballet company, the Ballets Russes. In this capacity he
gave the premieres of Igor Stravinsky's Petrushka (1911) and The Rite of Spring (1913) as well as Maurice Ravel's Daphnis et
Chloé. This established the course of his career, and for the rest of his life he was noted particularly for his
interpretations of Russian and French music.
With the outbreak of World War I, Monteux was called up for military
service, but was discharged in 1916, and he travelled to the United States. There he took charge of the French repertoire at the
Metropolitan Opera in New York City from 1917 to 1919, condcuting the American premiere of Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov's opera The Golden Cockerel
while there.
Then he moved to the Boston Symphony Orchestra
(1919-24). He had a big effect on the Boston ensemble's sound, and was able to fashion the orchestra as he pleased after a
strike led to thirty of its members leaving. He also introduced a number
of new works while there, particularly by French composers.
In 1924, Monteux began an association with the Concertgebouw Orchestra of Amsterdam, working
alongside Willem Mengelberg. In 1929, he founded the Orchestre
Symphonique de Paris, which he conducted until 1935. In the year the orchestra was founded, he led them in the world premiere
of Sergei Prokofiev's third symphony.
Monteux then returned to the United States, and worked with the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra from 1935 to 1952. In 1943, he founded a conducting
school in Hancock, Maine, the childhood home of his wife, Doris
Hodgkins Monteux, where Monteux was now living. There he taught such future luminaries as Andre Previn and Neville Marriner. In 1946 he
became a United States citizen.
Monteux made a number of records in his life, most of which are widely admired. He himself claimed to dislike them, however,
saying they lacked the spontaneity of live performances.
From 1961 to 1964 he was principal conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra, before dying in Hancock, Maine in 1964.
Pierre Monteux was the father of the flautist and conductor Claude Monteux.
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