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Woodpeckers are near passerine birds of the order Piciformes. They have a world-wide
distribution with many species, usually numbered at 218 (including the Ivory-billed).
Some woodpeckers and wrynecks in the order Piciformes have zygodactyl or
“yoked" feet, with two toes pointing forward, and two backward. These feet, though adapted for clinging to a vertical
surface, can be used for grasping or perching. Several species have only three toes. The long tongue found in some woodpeckers
can be darted forward to capture insects.
Woodpeckers gained their English name because of the habit of some species of tapping and pecking noisily on tree trunks with their beaks. This is both a means of communication to signal possession of
territory to their rivals, and a method of echo-locating grubs under the bark of the
tree.
This group is related to other Piciformes as below:
Order Piciformes
The last two families are sometimes separated as the order Galbuliformes.
Some distinctive groups of woodpeckers, including the sapsuckers (genus
Sphyrapicus) and the small wrynecks (genus Jynx) and piculets (genera Picumnus, Sasia and
Nesoctites) have their own group articles.
Species list
- Eurasian Wryneck, Jynx torquilla
- Rufous-necked Wryneck, Jynx ruficollis
- Orinoco Piculet,
Picumnus pumilus
- Speckled Piculet,
Picumnus innominatus
- Bar-breasted
Piculet, Picumnus aurifrons
- Lafresnaye's
Piculet, Picumnus lafresnayi
- Golden-spangled Piculet, Picumnus exilis
- Ecuadorian
Piculet, Picumnus sclateri
- Scaled Piculet,
Picumnus squamulatus
- White-bellied
Piculet, Picumnus spilogaster
- Guianan Piculet,
Picumnus minutissimus
- Spotted Piculet,
Picumnus pygmaeus
- Speckle-chested Piculet, Picumnus steindachneri
- White-barred
Piculet, Picumnus cirratus
- Varzea Piculet,
Picumnus varzeae
- Ocellated Piculet,
Picumnus dorbygnianus
- Ochre-collared Piculet, Picumnus temminckii
- White-wedged
Piculet, Picumnus albosquamatus
- Rusty-necked
Piculet, Picumnus fuscus
- Rufous-breasted Piculet, Picumnus rufiventris
- Tawny Piculet, Picumnus
fulvescens
- Ochraceous
Piculet, Picumnus limae
- Mottled Piculet,
Picumnus nebulosus
- Plain-breasted Piculet, Picumnus castelnau
- Fine-barred
Piculet, Picumnus subtilis
- Olivaceous
Piculet, Picumnus olivaceus
- Grayish Piculet,
Picumnus granadensis
- Chestnut Piculet,
Picumnus cinnamomeus
- African Piculet,
Sasia africana
- Rufous Piculet, Sasia
abnormis
- White-browed
Piculet, Sasia ochracea
- Antillean Piculet,
Nesoctites micromegas
- White Woodpecker,
Melanerpes candidus
- Lewis'
Woodpecker, Melanerpes lewis
- Guadeloupe
Woodpecker, Melanerpes herminieri
- Puerto
Rican Woodpecker, Melanerpes portoricensis
- Red-headed Woodpecker, Melanerpes
erythrocephalus
- Acorn Woodpecker, Melanerpes formicivorus
- Golden-naped Woodpecker, Melanerpes chrysauchen
- Black-cheeked Woodpecker, Melanerpes pucherani
- Yellow-tufted Woodpecker, Melanerpes cruentatus
- Yellow-fronted Woodpecker, Melanerpes flavifrons
- White-fronted Woodpecker, Melanerpes cactorum
- Hispaniolan
Woodpecker, Melanerpes striatus
- Jamaican
Woodpecker, Melanerpes radiolatus
- Golden-cheeked Woodpecker, Melanerpes chrysogenys
- Gray-breasted Woodpecker, Melanerpes hypopolius
- Yucatan
Woodpecker, Melanerpes pygmaeus
- Red-crowned
Woodpecker, Melanerpes rubricapillus
- Hoffmann's
Woodpecker, Melanerpes hoffmannii
- Gila Woodpecker,
Melanerpes uropygialis
- Golden-fronted Woodpecker, Melanerpes aurifrons
- Red-bellied Woodpecker, Melanerpes
carolinus
- West Indian
Woodpecker, Melanerpes superciliaris
- Cuban Woodpecker,
Xiphidiopicus percussus
- Fine-spotted Woodpecker, Campethera
punctuligera
- Nubian Woodpecker,
Campethera nubica
- Bennett's
Woodpecker, Campethera bennettii
- Reichenow's
Woodpecker, Campethera scriptoricauda
- Golden-tailed Woodpecker, Campethera abingoni
- Mombasa
Woodpecker, Campethera mombassica
- Knysna Woodpecker,
Campethera notata
- Little
Green Woodpecker, Campethera maculosa
- Green-backed Woodpecker, Campethera cailliautii
- Tullberg's
Woodpecker, Campethera tullbergi
- Buff-spotted Woodpecker, Campethera nivosa
- Brown-eared
Woodpecker, Campethera caroli
- Ground Woodpecker,
Geocolaptes olivaceus
- Little Grey
Woodpecker, Dendropicos elachus
- Speckle-breasted Woodpecker, Dendropicos poecilolaemus
- Abyssinian
Woodpecker, Dendropicos abyssinicus
- Cardinal
Woodpecker, Dendropicos fuscescens
- Gabon Woodpecker,
Dendropicos gabonensis
- Melancholy
Woodpecker, Dendropicos lugubris
- Stierling's
Woodpecker, Dendropicos stierlingi
- Bearded
Woodpecker, Dendropicos namaquus
- Fire-bellied Woodpecker, Dendropicos pyrrhogaster
- Golden-crowned Woodpecker, Dendropicos xantholophus
- Elliot's
Woodpecker, Dendropicos elliotii
- Grey Woodpecker, Dendropicos goertae
- African Grey-headed Woodpecker, Dendropicos spodocephalus
- Olive Woodpecker,
Dendropicos griseocephalus
- Brown-backed Woodpecker, Dendropicos obsoletus
- Sulawesi
Woodpecker, Dendrocopos temminckii
- Philippine
Woodpecker, Dendrocopos maculatus
- Brown-capped Woodpecker, Dendrocopos nanus
- Sunda Woodpecker,
Dendrocopos moluccensis
- Grey-capped
Woodpecker, Dendrocopos canicapillus
- Pygmy Woodpecker,
Dendrocopos kizuki
- Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, Dendrocopos
minor
- Brown-fronted Woodpecker, Dendrocopos auriceps
- Fulvous-breasted Woodpecker, Dendrocopos macei
- Stripe-breasted Woodpecker, Dendrocopos atratus
- Yellow-crowned Woodpecker, Dendrocopos mahrattensis
- Arabian
Woodpecker, Dendrocopos dorae
- Rufous-bellied Woodpecker, Dendrocopos hyperythrus
- Darjeeling
Woodpecker, Dendrocopos darjellensis
- Crimson-breasted Woodpecker, Dendrocopos cathpharius
- Middle
Spotted Woodpecker, Dendrocopos medius
- White-backed Woodpecker, Dendrocopos leucotos
- Great Spotted Woodpecker, Dendrocopos
major
- Syrian Woodpecker,
Dendrocopos syriacus
- White-winged Woodpecker, Dendrocopos leucopterus
- Sind Woodpecker,
Dendrocopos assimilis
- Himalayan
Woodpecker, Dendrocopos himalayensis
- Striped
Woodpecker, Picoides lignarius
- Checkered
Woodpecker, Picoides mixtus
- Ladder-backed Woodpecker, Picoides scalaris
- Nuttall's
Woodpecker, Picoides nuttallii
- Downy Woodpecker, Picoides pubescens
- Hairy Woodpecker, Picoides villosus
- Strickland's Woodpecker, Picoides stricklandi
- Arizona
Woodpecker, Picoides arizonae
- Red-cockaded Woodpecker, Picoides
borealis
- White-headed Woodpecker, Picoides albolarvatus
- Three-toed Woodpecker, Picoides
tridactylus
- Black-backed Woodpecker, Picoides
arcticus
- Scarlet-backed Woodpecker, Veniliornis callonotus
- Yellow-vented Woodpecker, Veniliornis dignus
- Bar-bellied
Woodpecker, Veniliornis nigriceps
- Smoky-brown
Woodpecker, Veniliornis fumigatus
- Little Woodpecker,
Veniliornis passerinus
- Dot-fronted
Woodpecker, Veniliornis frontalis
- White-spotted Woodpecker, Veniliornis spilogaster
- Blood-colored Woodpecker, Veniliornis sanguineus
- Red-rumped
Woodpecker, Veniliornis kirkii
- Choco Woodpecker,
Veniliornis chocoensis
- Golden-collared Woodpecker, Veniliornis cassini
- Red-stained
Woodpecker, Veniliornis affinis
- Yellow-eared Woodpecker, Veniliornis maculifrons
- Rufous-winged Woodpecker, Piculus simplex
- Stripe-cheeked Woodpecker, Piculus callopterus
- Lita Woodpecker,
Piculus litae
- White-throated Woodpecker, Piculus leucolaemus
- Yellow-throated Woodpecker, Piculus flavigula
- Golden-green Woodpecker, Piculus chrysochloros
- Yellow-browed Woodpecker, Piculus aurulentus
- Golden-olive Woodpecker, Piculus rubiginosus
- Gray-crowned Woodpecker, Piculus auricularis
- Crimson-mantled Woodpecker, Piculus rivolii
- Black-necked Woodpecker, Colaptes atricollis
- Spot-breasted Woodpecker, Colaptes punctigula
- Green-barred Woodpecker, Colaptes melanochloros
- Golden-breasted Woodpecker, Colaptes melanolaimus
- Northern Flicker, Colaptes auratus
- Gilded Flicker,
Colaptes chrysoides
- Fernandina's
Flicker, Colaptes fernandinae
- Chilean Flicker,
Colaptes pitius
- Andean Flicker,
Colaptes rupicola
- Campo Flicker, Colaptes
campestris
- Cinnamon
Woodpecker, Celeus loricatus
- Rufous Woodpecker,
Celeus brachyurus
- Scaly-breasted Woodpecker, Celeus grammicus
- Waved Woodpecker,
Celeus undatus
- Chestnut-colored Woodpecker, Celeus castaneus
- Chestnut
Woodpecker, Celeus elegans
- Pale-crested Woodpecker, Celeus lugubris
- Blond-crested Woodpecker, Celeus flavescens
- Cream-colored Woodpecker, Celeus flavus
- Rufous-headed Woodpecker, Celeus spectabilis
- Ringed Woodpecker,
Celeus torquatus
- Helmeted
Woodpecker, Dryocopus galeatus
- Lineated
Woodpecker, Dryocopus lineatus
- Pileated Woodpecker, Dryocopus pileatus
- Black-bodied Woodpecker, Dryocopus schulzi
- White-bellied Woodpecker, Dryocopus javensis
- Andaman
Woodpecker, Dryocopus hodgei
- Black Woodpecker, Dryocopus martius
- Powerful
Woodpecker, Campephilus pollens
- Crimson-bellied Woodpecker, Campephilus haematogaster
- Red-necked
Woodpecker, Campephilus rubricollis
- Robust Woodpecker,
Campephilus robustus
- Crimson-crested Woodpecker, Campephilus melanoleucos
- Guayaquil
Woodpecker, Campephilus gayaquilensis
- Pale-billed
Woodpecker, Campephilus guatemalensis
- Cream-backed Woodpecker, Campephilus leucopogon
- Magellanic
Woodpecker, Campephilus magellanicus
- Ivory-billed Woodpecker, Campephilus
principalis (extinct)
- Imperial Woodpecker, Campephilus imperialis
(extinct)
- Banded Woodpecker,
Picus mineaceus
- Lesser Yellownape, Picus chlorolophus
- Crimson-winged Woodpecker, Picus puniceus
- Greater
Yellownape, Picus flavinucha
- Checker-throated Woodpecker, Picus mentalis
- Streak-breasted Woodpecker, Picus viridanus
- Laced Woodpecker,
Picus vittatus
- Streak-throated Woodpecker, Picus xanthopygaeus
- Scaly-bellied Woodpecker, Picus squamatus
- Japanese
Woodpecker, Picus awokera
- Green Woodpecker, Picus viridis
- Levaillant's Woodpecker, Picus vaillantii
- Red-collared Woodpecker, Picus rabieri
- Black-headed Woodpecker, Picus erythropygius
- Grey-headed
Woodpecker, Picus canus
- Olive-backed Woodpecker, Dinopium rafflesii
- Himalayan
Flameback, Dinopium shorii
- Common Flameback,
Dinopium javanense
- Black-rumped Flameback, Dinopium
benghalense
- White-naped Woodpecker, Chrysocolaptes
festivus
- Greater Flameback, Chrysocolaptes lucidus
- Pale-headed
Woodpecker, Gecinulus grantia
- Bamboo Woodpecker,
Gecinulus viridis
- Okinawa Woodpecker, Sapheopipo noguchii
- Maroon Woodpecker,
Blythipicus rubiginosus
- Bay Woodpecker,
Blythipicus pyrrhotis
- Orange-backed Woodpecker, Reinwardtipicus validus
- Buff-rumped
Woodpecker, Meiglyptes tristis
- Black-and-buff Woodpecker, Meiglyptes jugularis
- Buff-necked
Woodpecker, Meiglyptes tukki
- Grey-and-buff Woodpecker, Hemicircus concretus
- Heart-spotted Woodpecker, Hemicircus canente
- Ashy Woodpecker,
Mulleripicus fulvus
- Sooty Woodpecker,
Mulleripicus funebris
- Great Slaty
Woodpecker, Mulleripicus pulverulentus
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