|
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot (25 September 1725 - 2 October 1804) was a French inventor
who built what may have been the world's first self-propelled mechanical vehicle or automobile.
Cugnot was born in Poid, Meuse, Lorraine. He trained as a military engineer. He experimeted with working models of steam engine powered vehicles for the French Army, intended for hauling heavy cannons, starting in 1765.
Cugnot's Steam Wagon; from 19th century engraving
Cugnot seems to have been the first to convert the back-and-forth motion of a steam piston into rotary motion. A functioning
version of his "Fardier à vapeur" ("Steam wagon") ran in 1769. The following year he built
an improved version. His vehicle was said to be able to pull 4 tonnes and travel at speeds of up to 4 km per hour. The heavy
vehicle had two wheels in the back and one in the front, which supported the steam boiler and was steered by a tiller. In
1771 his vehicle crashed into a brick wall, the
first known automobile accident. The accident together with budget problems ended the French Army's experiment with mechanical
vehicles, but in 1772 King
Louis XV granted Cugnot a pension of 600 francs a year for his
innovative work.
With the French Revolution Cugnot's pension was withdrawn in
1789, and the inventor went into exile in Brussels, where he lived in poverty. Shorty before his death he was invited back to France by Napoleon Bonaparte. Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot returned to Paris, where he died.
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot's 1770 machine is preserved in Paris' Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers.
External Link
]]
|