List of mathematical topics (P-R)

P

P-adic analysis -- P-adic number -- P-adic numbers -- P-branes -- P-group -- P-integrable function -- P-symmetry -- P-vector -- Packing problem -- Painter's algorithm -- Pairwise independence -- Palatini action -- Paley-Wiener theorem -- Palindrome -- Palindromic number -- Parabola -- Parabolic coordinates -- Parabolic subgroup -- Paraboloid -- Paracompact -- Paraconsistent logics -- Parallax -- Parallel (geometry) -- Parallel postulate -- Parallel transport -- Parallelepiped -- Parallelogram -- Parallelogram law -- Parallelogram of force -- Parameter -- Parametric equation -- Parametrization -- Pareto distribution -- Pareto interpolation -- Parity -- Parity bit -- Parseval's identity -- Parseval's theorem -- Pathological (mathematics) -- Partial derivative -- Partial differential equation -- Partial fraction -- Partial fraction decomposition over R -- Partial fractions in integration -- Partial function -- Partial order -- Partially ordered set -- Particle in a box -- Particle in a ring -- Particle in a spherically symmetric potential -- Partition function (number theory) -- Partition (mathematics) -- Partition of an interval -- Partition of a set -- Partition of unity -- Partizan game -- Party-list proportional representation -- Pascal, Blaise -- Pascal programming language -- Pascal's pyramid -- Pascal's theorem -- Pascal's triangle -- Password length equation -- Pasta, John -- Path -- Path (graph theory) -- Path integral -- Path-connected topological space -- Pattern -- Payoff matrix -- P-complete -- Peano axioms -- Peano curve -- Peano, Giuseppe -- Pearson hashing -- Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient -- Pedal triangle -- Pedoe's inequality -- Pell, John Talk:John Pell Pell's equation -- Penrose, Roger -- Penrose stairs -- Penrose tiling -- Penrose triangle -- Pentagonal number theorem -- Pentaprism -- Pentomino -- Percentage -- Perelman, Grigori -- Perfect crystal -- Perfect graph -- Perfect hash function -- Perfect matching -- Perfect number -- Perfect square -- Perimeter -- Period -- Periodogram -- Perlin noise -- Permanent -- Permutable prime -- Permutation -- Permutation group -- Permutation matrix -- Permutations and combinations -- Perpendicular -- Perrin pseudoprime -- Perron Integral -- Persistence of a number -- Perspective -- Perspective distortion -- Perturbation theory -- Pervouchine -- Pervushin -- Pervushin, Ivan Mikheevich -- Petersen graph -- Petersen, Julius -- Peter-Weyl theorem -- Pfaffian -- Phase diagram -- Phase space -- Phase velocity -- Phase (waves) -- Phasor -- Phenomenology -- Philolaus -- Philosophy of mathematics -- Photon -- Physical constant -- Physical geodesy -- Physics -- Pi -- Pi Approximation Day -- Pi Day - Pi through experiment -- Pi-calculus -- Picard -- Picard, Charles Emile -- Pick matrix -- Pick's theorem - PID controller -- Piecewise -- Pierce, Benjamin -- Pigeonhole principle -- Pillai's conjecture -- Pincherle derivative -- Piphilology -- Pisanski, Tomas -- Pisot-Vijayaraghavan number -- Pitman-Koopman-Darmois theorem -- Planar graph -- Plancherel, Michel -- Plancherel theorem -- Planck, Max -- Plane -- Plane geometry -- Plane wave -- PlanetMath -- Planning statistical research -- Plano-convex -- Plateau's problem -- Platonic solid -- Playfair cipher -- Plemelj, Josip -- Plotting -- Plücker, Julius -- Pluperfect number -- Plus construction -- Pochhammer symbol -- Poincaré conjecture -- Poincaré, Henri -- Poincaré duality -- Poincaré group -- Poincaré half-plane model -- Point (geometry) -- Point (topology) -- Point estimation -- Point in polygon -- Point location -- Point mass -- Pointless topology -- Pointwise convergence -- Poisson -- Poisson algebra -- Poisson bracket -- Poisson distribution -- Poisson equation -- Poisson process -- Poisson, Siméon-Denis -- Poisson's equation -- Poisson summation formula -- Polar coordinates -- Polar distance -- Pole -- Pole (complex analysis) -- Polish space -- Pollard's rho algorithm -- Polya, George -- Polychoron -- Polydivisible number -- Polygamma function -- Polygon -- Polygonal number -- Polyhedral compound -- Polygon triangulation -- Polyhedral dice -- Polyhedron -- Polyiamond -- Polylogarithm -- Polylogarithmic -- Polynomial -- Polynomial interpolation -- Polynomial long division -- Polynomial ring -- Polynomial sequence -- Polynomial time -- Polynomial-time many-one reduction -- Polynomial-time Turing reduction -- Polynomially reflexive space -- Polyomino -- Polysquare puzzle -- Polytope -- Polytrope -- Poncelet, Jean-Victor -- Poncelet-Steiner theorem -- Pons Asinorum -- Pontrjagin class -- Pontryagin duality -- Population process -- Position circle -- Positional notation -- Positive -- Positive definite -- Positive-definite function -- Positive-definite matrix -- Positive linear functional -- Positive operator -- Post correspondence problem -- Post machine -- Post-order traversal -- Post system -- Potential flow -- Potential flow in two dimensions -- Power -- Power associativity -- Power center -- Power of two -- Power law -- Power (mathematics) -- Power series -- Power set -- Power spectrum -- Power-associative -- Powerful number -- Powers, R. E. -- Pre-Abelian category -- Preadditive category -- Precalculus -- Precession -- Predual -- Predicate calculus -- Predicate logic -- Prefix grammar -- Prenex normal form -- Pre-order traversal -- Presburger arithmetic -- Presentation of a group -- Prevalence -- Primality test -- Prime -- Prime (order theory) -- Prime factor -- Prime factorization algorithm -- Prime ideal -- Prime knot -- Prime number -- Prime number theorem -- Prime-factor FFT algorithm -- Prime pages -- Prime reciprocal magic square -- Prime ring -- Primeval number -- Primitive element (field theory) -- Primitive equations -- Primitive ideal -- Primitive pseudoperfect number -- Primitive recursive function -- Primitive ring -- Primitive root -- Primitive root modulo n -- Primitive semiperfect number -- Primorial -- Prim's algorithm -- Principal components analysis -- Principal homogeneous space -- Principal ideal -- Principal ideal domain -- Principle of least action -- Principle of Maximum Entropy -- Prism (geometry) -- Prismatoid -- Prisoner's dilemma -- Private key -- Probabilist -- Probabilistic algorithm -- Probabilistic method -- Probabilistic Turing Machine -- Probabilistically checkable proof -- Probability -- Probability axioms -- Probability density function -- Probability distribution -- Probability interpretations -- Probability mass function -- Probability space -- Probability theory -- Probability-generating function -- Probable prime -- Problem size -- Product (category theory) -- Product (mathematics) -- Product of groups -- Product of rings -- Product rule -- Product topology -- Pro-finite group -- Prognostic variable -- Programming -- Programming language -- Projection (linear algebra) -- Projection operator Projective geometry -- Projective group -- Projective line -- Projective module -- Projective plane -- Projective representation -- Projective space -- Projective transformation -- Prony equation -- Proof by exhaustion -- Proof of Bertrand's postulate -- Proof that e is irrational -- Proof that holomorphic functions are analytic -- Proof that the sum of the reciprocals of the primes diverges -- Proof theory -- Proofs of Fermat's little theorem -- Propagation constant -- Proper convex function -- Properly discontinuous -- Proportional -- Proportionality -- Propositional logic -- Prototile -- Pseudo inverse -- Pseudonoise -- Pseudoprime -- Pseudo-random number -- Pseudorandom number generator -- Pseudorandom number sequence -- Pseudorandomness -- Pseudoreal representation -- Pseudo-Riemannian manifold -- Pseudoscalar -- Pseudosphere -- PSL(2,7) -- PSPACE -- PSPACE-complete -- Psychological statistics -- PTIME -- Public key algorithm -- Public key cryptography -- Puiseux, Alexandre -- Pullback -- Pumping lemma -- Punctured neighborhood -- Pure-injective module -- Pure mathematics -- Pure state -- Purple code -- Pushdown automaton -- Putnam Competition -- Putzer, E.J. -- Pyramid -- Pythagoras -- Pythagorean expectation -- Pythagorean theorem -- Pythagorean triple -- Pythagorean tuning -- Pythagoreans --

Q

Q.E.D. -- QED project -- Q factor -- QR decomposition -- Quadratic equation -- Quadratic field -- Quadratic form -- Quadratic formula -- Quadratic function -- Quadratic integral -- Quadratic irrational -- Quadratic programming -- Quadratic reciprocity -- Quadratic residue -- Quadratic sieve -- Quadratic spline -- Quadrature -- Quadric -- Quadrilateral -- Quantale -- Quantile -- Quantity -- Quantization -- Quantum harmonic oscillator -- Quantum logic -- Quantum mechanics:one-dimensional periodic case -- Quantum operation -- Quantum state -- Quantum superposition -- Quartic -- Quartic equation -- Quartic function -- Quartile -- Quasi-empiricism in mathematics -- Quasi-Monte Carlo method -- Quasicrystal -- Quasigroup -- Quasi-ordering -- Quasiperfect number -- Quasispecies model -- Quater-imaginary base -- Quaternary numeral system -- Quaternion -- Quaternion group -- Quaternions and spatial rotation -- Quefrency -- Quetelet Adolphe -- Queueing delay -- Queueing theory -- Quicksort -- Quillen -- Quillen, Daniel -- Quillen-Suslin theorem -- Quinary -- Quincunx -- Quine-McCluskey algorithm -- Quintic equation -- Quintic function -- Quiver (mathematics) -- Quotient field -- Quotient group -- Quotient rule -- Quotient space --

R

RHS -- Rabin, Michael O. -- Rader's FFT algorithm -- Radian -- Radical (mathematics) -- Radical of an ideal -- Radiometric dating -- Radius -- Radius of convergence -- Radius of gyration -- Radix -- Radon, Johann -- Radon measure -- Radon-Nikodym theorem -- Radon transform -- Ramanujan, Srinivasa Aaiyangar -- Ramanujan-Petersson conjecture -- Ramanujan-Soldner constant -- Ramification -- Ramsey, Frank P. -- Ramsey theorem -- Ramsey theory -- Random graph -- Random number generator -- Random variable -- Random walk -- Random walk Monte Carlo -- Randomised algorithm -- Randomness -- Range encoder -- Rankit -- Rank-nullity theorem -- Rank of an abelian group -- Rank of a matrix -- Rank-into-rank -- Rankine-Hugoniot equation -- Rao-Blackwell theorem -- Rate distortion theory -- Ratio -- Ratio test -- Rational function -- Rational number -- Rational root theorem -- Raven paradox -- Ray -- Ray transfer matrix analysis -- Rayleigh quotient -- RC4 -- RC5 -- RC6 -- Real analysis -- Real closed field -- Real computation -- Real data type -- Real line -- Real number -- Real part -- Real projective plane -- Real representation -- Real tree -- Receiver operating characteristic --Reconstruction conjecture -- Recreational mathematics -- Rectangle -- Rectifiable curve -- Recurrence -- Recurrence relation -- Recurring decimal -- Recursion -- Recursive set -- Recursive function -- Recursive language -- Recursively enumerable set -- Recursively enumerable language -- Red-black tree -- Reduced (ring theory) -- Reductio ad absurdum -- Reed, Irving -- Reed-Solomon code -- Reflection -- Reflection (mathematics) -- Reflexive operator algebra -- Reflexive property of equality -- Reflexive relation -- Reflexive space -- Regiomontanus -- Register machine -- Regression toward the mean -- Regular cardinal -- Regular expression -- Regular expressions -- Regular grammar -- Regular graph -- Regular language -- Regular local ring -- Regular parametric representation -- Regular polytope -- Regular representation -- Regular space -- Rejewski, Marian -- Relational algebra -- Relational model -- Relative compactness -- Relative frequency -- Relative complement -- Relatively prime -- Relaxation technique -- Relevant logic -- Remarkable cardinal -- Removable singularity -- Rendezvous problem -- Renormalization group -- Repdigit -- Representation theory -- Representation of Lie algebras -- Representations of Clifford algebras -- Representations of Lie groups/algebras -- Reproducing kernel Hilbert space -- Repunit -- Repunit (factors) -- Residual: see errors and residuals in statistics -- Residue (complex analysis) -- Residue theorem -- Resonance -- Restricted product -- Resultant force -- Reuleaux triangle -- Reverse mathematics -- Reverse perspective -- Rewriting -- Rhind Papyrus -- Rhombicuboctahedron -- Rhombic dodecahedron -- Rhombohedral -- Rhombus -- Rhumb line -- Ribet -- Ribet, Ken A. -- Riccati equations -- Ricci curvature -- Ricci flat -- Ricci flow -- Riccati, Jacopo Francesco -- Riccati, Vincenzo -- Rice, Marjorie -- Rice's theorem -- Richardson extrapolation -- Reciprocal lattice -- Riemann -- Riemann, Bernhard -- Riemann-Hurwitz formula -- Riemann hypothesis -- Riemann integration -- Riemann-Liouville differintegral -- Riemann mapping theorem -- Riemann sphere -- Riemann-Stieltjes integral -- Riemann sum -- Riemann surface -- Riemann zeta function -- Riemannian geometry -- Riemannian manifold -- Riemann-Roch theorem -- Riese, Adam -- Riesel number -- Riesz representation theorem -- Rig (algebra) -- Rigged Hilbert space -- Right circular cone -- Right quotient -- Rigid body -- Ring epimorphism -- Ring homomorphism -- Ring ideal -- Ring isomorphism -- Ring monomorphism -- Ring (mathematics) -- Ring theory -- Ring wave guide -- RIPEMD-160 -- Risch algorithm -- Rising factorial -- Risk-neutral measure -- Roberval, Gilles Personne de -- Robertson-Seymour theorem -- Robinson, Abraham -- Robot control -- Rolle, Michel -- Rollin Papyrus -- Roman numerals -- Roman surface -- Romberg's method -- Root finding algorithm -- Root locus -- Root (mathematics) -- Root mean square -- Root of unity -- Root system -- Rotation -- Rotation group -- Rotational invariance -- Roth, Klaus -- Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics -- Route inspection problem -- Row space -- Row vector -- RP -- RSA -- RSA Factoring Challenge -- RSA number -- RSA-100 -- RSA-110 -- RSA-120 -- RSA-129 -- RSA-130 -- RSA-140 -- RSA-150 -- RSA-155 -- RSA-160 -- RSA-170 -- RSA-180 -- RSA-190 -- RSA-200 -- RSA-210 -- RSA-220 -- RSA-230 -- RSA-232 -- RSA-240 -- RSA-250 -- RSA-260 -- RSA-270 -- RSA-280 -- RSA-290 -- RSA-300 -- RSA-309 -- RSA-310 -- RSA-320 -- RSA-330 -- RSA-340 -- RSA-350 -- RSA-360 -- RSA-370 -- RSA-380 -- RSA-390 -- RSA-400 -- RSA-410 -- RSA-420 -- RSA-430 -- RSA-440 -- RSA-450 -- RSA-460 -- RSA-470 -- RSA-480 -- RSA-490 -- RSA-500 -- RSA-576 -- RSA-617 -- RSA-640 -- RSA-704 -- RSA-768 -- RSA-896 -- RSA-1024 -- RSA-1536 -- RSA-2048 -- Rsync algorithm -- Rubik's cube -- Rule 110 cellular automaton -- Rule of 72 -- Rule of succession -- Ruled surface -- Ruler-and-compass constructions -- Runge, Carle David Tolme -- Runge-Kutta methods -- Runge's phenomenon -- Run-length encoding -- Russell, Bertrand -- Russell's paradox --