List of mathematical topics (A-C)

A

Abacus -- abc Conjecture -- Abel, Niels Henrik -- Abel Prize -- Abelian -- Abelian and tauberian theorems -- Abelian category -- Abelian extension -- Abelian group -- Abelian variety -- Abel-Ruffini theorem -- Abel's theorem -- Abscissa -- Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi -- Abraham, Ralph -- Absolute continuity -- Absolute geometry -- Absolutely normal number -- Absolute value -- Absorption law -- Abstract algebra -- Abstract interpretation -- Abstract nonsense -- Abstract simplicial complex -- Abstraction (mathematics) -- Abstract structure -- Abundance -- Abundant number -- Acceleration -- Acceptance angle -- Ackermann function -- Ackermann, Wilhelm -- Ackermann steering geometry -- Active and passive transformation -- Actuarial science -- Addition -- Addition chain -- Addition in N -- Additive category -- Additive function -- Additive functor -- Additive inverse -- ADE classification -- Adele ring -- Adjacency list -- Adjacency matrix -- Adjoint -- Adjoint functors -- Adjoint representation -- Adjugate -- Advection -- Advection equation -- Affine -- Affine geometry -- Affine group -- Affine representation -- Affine scheme -- Affine space -- Affine transformation -- Agnesi, Maria Gaetana -- Ahlfors, Lars Valerian -- Ahmes -- Airy function -- AKS primality test -- Aleph-null -- Aleph-one -- Alexander horned sphere -- Alexander-Spanier cohomology -- Algebra -- Algebra (ring theory) -- Algebra over a field -- Algebraic closure -- Algebraic curve -- Algebraic element -- Algebraic enumeration -- Algebraic extension -- Algebraic form -- Algebraic geometry -- Algebraic geometry and analytic geometry -- Algebraic group -- Algebraic integer -- Algebraic K-theory -- Algebraic number -- Algebraic number theory -- Algebraic surface -- Algebraic structure -- Algebraic topology -- Algebraic torus -- Algebraic variety -- Algebraically closed field -- Algebraically compact module -- Algebraically independent -- Algorism -- Algorithm -- Algorithmic information theory -- Algorithmics -- Algorithms for calculating variance -- Aliasing -- Alignments of random points -- Aliquot sequence -- Aliquot stringing -- Al-Khwarizmi -- Almost all -- Almost complex manifold -- Almost complex structure -- Almost disjoint sets -- Almost everywhere -- Almost perfect number -- Almost periodic function -- Almost prime -- Almost surely -- Alpha-beta pruning -- Alternating group -- Altitude (triangle) -- Amateur mathematicians -- Amenable group -- American Mathematical Society -- American Mathematics Competitions -- American Mathematics Contest -- Amicable number -- Amortized analysis -- Amplitude -- Analysis -- Analysis of variance -- Analytic capacity -- Analytic continuation -- Analytic function -- Analytic geometry -- Analytic number theory -- Analytical hierarchy -- Analytical Society -- Anderson, Alexander -- Alternating series -- Ancillary statistic -- ANCOVA -- Andreini tessellation -- Angle -- Angle excess -- Angle of attack -- Angle of incidence -- Angle of view -- Angular acceleration -- Angular frequency -- Ankeny-Artin-Chowla theorem -- Annals of Mathematics -- Annihilator -- Annulus -- Anomaly time series -- Ant colony algorithm -- Antichain -- Anti-aliasing -- Anti de Sitter space -- Antianalytic -- Antiautomorphism -- Antiderivative -- Antihermitian -- Antiholomorphic function -- Antipodal point -- Antiprism -- Antisymmetric relation -- Antisymmetric tensor -- Anyon -- Aperiodic monoid -- Apollonius -- Appel, Kenneth -- Applied mathematics -- Approximation -- Approximation error -- Approximation property -- Arabic numerals -- Arbitrary constant of integration -- Antoine Arbogast -- Aperiodic monoid -- Arc -- Arc length -- Arcminute -- Arcsecond -- Archimedean group -- Archimedean property -- Archimedean solid -- Archimedean spiral -- Archimedes -- Archimedes Palimpsest -- Area -- Argand -- Argand, Jean-Robert -- Aristotle -- Arithmetic -- Arithmetic coding -- Arithmetic function -- Arithmetic group -- Arithmetic mean -- Arithmetic of abelian varieties -- Arithmetic progression -- Arithmetic shift -- Arithmetic-geometric mean -- Arithmetical hierarchy -- Arithmetization of analysis -- Arity -- Arnold, Vladimir -- Arrhenius equation -- Arrow's impossibility theorem -- Arrow's paradox -- Art of Problem Solving -- Artin, Emil -- Artin, Michael -- Artin conjecture -- Artin-Wedderburn theorem -- Artinian -- Artinian module -- Artinian ring -- Arzelà-Ascoli theorem -- Ascending chain condition -- Aspect ratio -- Assignment problem -- Associated bundle -- Associative -- Associative algebra -- Associativity -- Asymmetric key algorithm -- Asymmetric key cryptography -- Asymptote -- Asymptotic analysis -- Asymptotic equipartition property -- Asymptotic notation -- Atiyah, Michael Francis -- Atiyah-Singer index theorem -- Atlas (topology) -- Attractor -- Atwood, George -- Audio signal processing -- Augmenting path -- Autocorrelation -- Automata theory -- Automated Mathematician -- Automated theorem proving -- Automatic label placement -- Automation -- Automorphic number -- Automorphism group -- Autonomous system (mathematics) -- Average -- Average performance -- Axiom -- Axiom computer algebra system -- Axiom of choice -- Axiom of constructibility -- Axiom of countability -- Axiom of countable choice -- Axiom of dependent choice -- Axiom of empty set -- Axiom of extensionality -- Axiom of infinity -- Axiom of pairing -- Axiom of power set -- Axiom of regularity -- Axiom schema of replacement -- Axiom schema of specification -- Axiomatic set theory -- Axiomatic system -- Axiomatization -- Axioms of countability -- Azuma's inequality

B

B-spline -- B-star-algebra -- Ba space -- Babbage -- Babbage, Charles -- Baby Monster group -- Baby-step giant-step -- Babylonian numerals -- Bachet de Méziriac, Claude Gaspard -- Bachmann, Paul -- Bäcklund transform -- Backward inorder traversal -- Baez, John -- Bailey, David -- Bailey-Borwein-Plouffe formula -- Baire category theorem -- Baire space -- Baker, Alan -- Ball (mathematics) -- Ball, W. W. Rouse -- Banach-Alaoglu theorem -- Banach algebra -- Banach fixed point theorem -- Banach-Mazur game -- Banach measure -- Banach space -- Banach, Stefan -- Banach-Tarski paradox -- Barbier's theorem -- Barber paradox -- Barenblatt, Grigory -- Baroclinicity -- Barotropic vorticity equation -- Barrow, Isaac -- Barycentric subdivision -- Base -- Base (topology) -- Basic set theory -- Basis (linear algebra) -- Basis function -- Bayes' theorem -- Bayes, Thomas -- Bayesian network -- Bayesian probability -- Bazeries, Étienne -- BCH code -- Bean machine -- Bearing (navigation) -- Beatty's theorem -- Bell curve -- Bell numbers -- Bell polynomials -- Bell, Eric Temple -- Bellman-Ford algorithm -- Bellringing -- Bendixson-Dulac theorem -- Benford's law -- Berlekamp-Massey algorithm -- Bernoulli distribution -- Bernoulli experiment -- Bernoulli inequality -- Bernoulli, Jakob -- Bernoulli, Johann -- Bernoulli numbers -- Bernoulli polynomials -- Bernoulli process -- Bernoulli trial -- Bernoulli's principle -- Bernstein polynomial -- Berry-Esséen theorem -- Berry paradox -- Berry phase -- Bertrand, Joseph Louis Francois -- Bertrand's postulate -- Besicovitch, Abram Samoilovitch -- Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm -- Bessel function -- Best-case performance -- Beta distribution -- Beta function -- Betti number -- Bézier curve -- Bézier, Pierre -- Bézier surface -- Bézier triangle -- Bezigon -- Bézout, Étienne -- Bézout's identity -- Bézout's lemma -- Bézout's theorem -- Bialgebra -- Bias (statistics) -- Bicategory -- Bicommutant -- Bieberbach conjecture -- Bifundamental representation -- Bifurcation diagram -- Big O notation -- Bijection -- Bijective -- Bijective function -- Bilinear interpolation -- Bilinear operator -- Bilinear transform -- Bimodule -- Bimonster -- Bin packing problem -- Binary -- Binary and Binary function -- Binary Golay code -- Binary logarithm -- Binary notation -- Binary numeral system -- Binary operation -- Binary relation -- Binary search -- Binary search tree -- Binary space partitioning -- Binary symmetric channel -- Binary tree -- Binomial coefficient -- Binomial distribution -- Binomial heap -- Binomial options model -- Binomial series -- Binomial theorem -- Binomial type -- Bioinformatics -- Biomathematics -- Biostatistics -- Bipartite -- Biproduct -- Bipyramid -- Bi-quinary coded decimal -- Birational geometry -- Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture -- Birthday attack -- Birthday paradox -- Bisection -- Bisection method -- Bishop, Errett -- Bisimulation -- Bitwise operation -- Black model -- Black noise -- Black-Scholes -- Blackboard bold -- Blade element theory -- Blanch, Gertrude -- Blivet -- Block matrix -- Blowfish encryption algorithm -- Bluestein's FFT algorithm -- Blum Blum Shub -- Bode plot -- Bohr, Niels -- Bohr-Mollerup theorem -- Bolyai, Farkos Wolfgang -- Bolyai, Janos -- Bolyai-Gerwien theorem -- Bolzano, Bernhard -- Bombieri, Enrico -- Bonferroni, Carlo -- Boole, George -- Boole's inequality -- Boolean algebra -- Boolean homomorphism -- Boolean prime ideal theorem -- Boolean ring -- Boolean satisfiability problem -- Boolos, George -- Borcherds, Richard Ewen -- Borel, Armand -- Borel, Émile -- Borel algebra -- Borel-Bott-Weil theorem -- Borel measure -- Borel regular measure -- Borel's paradox -- Borel subgroup -- Borel-Cantelli lemma -- Borsuk, Karol -- Borsuk-Ulam Theorem -- Bortkiewicz, Ladislaus Josephovich -- Boruvka's algorithm -- Borwein, Jonathan -- Borwein, Peter -- Borwein's algorithm -- Borwein's algorithm (others) -- Bott, Raoul -- Bottleneck traveling salesman problem -- Boundary (topology) -- Boundary condition -- Boundary value problem -- Bounded -- Bounded complete -- Bounded linear function -- Bounded linear operator -- Bounded variation -- Bourbaki, Nicolas -- Bourcia, Louis de Branges de -- Bourgain, Jean -- Box-counting dimension -- Box plot -- Box-Muller transform -- Boyer, Carl Benjamin -- Boy's surface -- BPP -- BQP -- Brachistochrone curve -- Brahmagupta -- Brahmagupta's formula -- Brahmagupta's identity -- Bra-ket notation -- Braid group -- Braid theory -- Branch and bound -- Branch point -- Branching process -- Brane -- Brauer group -- Bravais lattice -- Breadth-first search -- Bresenham's line algorithm -- Brewster's angle -- Brianchon, Charles -- Briggs, Henry -- Brill-Noether theory --- Broglie, Louis-Victor de -- Bromwich integral -- Brouncker, William -- Brouwer fixed-point theorem -- Brouwer, Luitzen Egbertus Jan -- Brownian motion -- Bruck-Chowla-Ryser theorem -- Brun, Viggo -- Brun's constant -- Brute force attack -- Bruun's FFT algorithm -- Büchi automaton -- Buckingham Pi theorem -- Buffon's needle -- Burali-Forti paradox -- Burnside, William -- Burnside's lemma -- Burnside's problem -- Burrows-Abadi-Needham logic -- Burrows-Wheeler transform -- Business statistics -- Busy beaver --

C

Cabtaxi number -- Calabi, Eugenio -- Calabi-Yau spaces -- Calculus -- Calculus of variations -- Calculus with polynomials -- Camber angle -- Campbell-Hausdorff formula -- Cancellation property -- Canonical bundle -- Canonical correlation -- Canonical class -- Canonical divisor -- Canonical form -- Cantor, Georg -- Cantor distribution -- Cantor dust -- Cantor function -- Cantor set -- Cantor's theorem -- Cantor-Bernstein-Schroeder theorem -- Cantor's diagonal argument -- Cantor's first uncountability proof -- Cantor space -- Carathéodory, Constantin -- Cardano, Gerolamo -- Cardinal assignment -- Cardinal number -- Cardinality -- Cardioid -- Carlson symmetric form -- Carmichael number -- Carmichael, Robert Daniel -- Cartan, Henri -- Cartan, Élie -- Cartan -- Cartan connection -- Cartan formalism -- Cartan's theorem -- Cartan's theorems A and B -- Cartesian closed category -- Cartesian coordinate system -- Cartesian product -- Cartier, Pierre -- Casimir invariant -- Casting out nines -- Catalan number -- Catalan's conjecture -- Catalan's constant -- Cataldi -- Cataldi, Pietro Antonio -- Catastrophe theory -- Catastrophic loss of significance -- Category of abelian groups -- Category of metric spaces -- Category of preordered sets -- Category of sets -- Category of topological spaces -- Category theory -- Catenary -- Catenoid -- Cauchy -- Cauchy, Augustin Louis -- Cauchy-Binet formula -- Cauchy distribution -- Cauchy integral theorem -- Cauchy principal value -- Cauchy sequence -- Cauchy's integral formula -- Cauchy-Riemann equations -- Cauchy-Schwarz inequality -- Cavalieri, Bonaventura -- Cavalieri's principle -- Cayley, Arthur -- Cayley-Dickson construction -- Cayley graph -- Cayley-Hamilton theorem -- Cayley-Newbirth operation matrix -- Cayley's Theorem -- Cech, Eduard -- Ceiling function -- Celestial coordinate system -- Celestial mechanics -- Celestial navigation -- Cell (mathematics) -- Cellular automata -- Cellular automaton -- Center (algebra) -- Center of a group -- Center of mass -- Center of mass coordinates -- Central angle -- Central limit theorem -- Central extension -- Centralizer and normalizer -- Centillion -- Centroid -- Cepstrum -- Cesàro, Ernesto -- Cesàro mean -- Cesàro summation -- Ceulen, Ludolph van -- Ceva, Giovanni -- Ceva's Theorem -- Chain complex -- Chain rule -- Chain (mathematics) -- Chaitin, Gregory -- Chaitin's constant -- Champernowne constant -- Chaos theory -- Chapman-Kolmogorov equation -- Character -- Character (mathematics) -- Character entity -- Character theory -- Characteristic -- Characteristic class -- Characteristic equation -- Characteristic function -- Characteristic polynomial -- Characteristic subgroup -- Characterization (mathematics) -- Charts on SO(3) -- Chebotarev's density theorem -- Chebyshev, Pafnuty Lvovich -- Chebyshev nodes -- Chebyshev polynomials -- Chebyshev's inequality -- Checksum -- Chern,Shiing-shen -- Chern class -- Chern-Simons -- Chernoff's inequality -- Child node -- Chinese numerals -- Chinese remainder theorem -- Chi-square distribution -- Chirality -- Cholesky decomposition -- Chomsky hierarchy -- Chomsky, Noam -- Chord (geometry) -- Chowla, Sarvadaman -- CHSH inequality -- Chowla-Mordell theorem -- Chowla-Selberg formula -- Chung, Fan -- Ch'ung-Chih, Tsu -- Church, Alonzo -- Church integer -- Church-Rosser theorem -- Church-Turing thesis -- Cipher -- Circle -- Circle of confusion -- Circle points segments proof -- Circular error probable -- Circular motion -- Circumcenter -- Circumcircle -- Circumference -- Clairaut, Alexis Claude -- Clairaut's equation -- Class field theory -- Class number conjecture -- Class (set theory) -- Classical mechanics -- Classical treatment of tensors -- Classification of finite simple groups -- Chevalley, Claude -- Clausen function -- Clay Mathematics Institute -- Clifford algebra -- Clifford, William -- Clique -- Clique problem -- Clock arithmetic -- Clockwise and counterclockwise -- Clopen set -- Closed and exact differential forms -- Closed form -- Closed-form solution -- Closed graph theorem -- Closed set -- Closed timelike curve -- Closure (mathematics) -- Closure (topology) -- Closure operator -- ♣ -- Cnidus, Eudoxus of -- Coalgebra -- Coates, John -- Cobordism -- Cochain complex -- Cocoloring -- Cocountable Code -- Coding theory -- Coefficient -- Coefficients of potential -- Cofactor (mathematics) -- Cofinality -- Cofinite Cofinite topology -- Cognitive science of mathematics -- Cohen, Paul -- Cohen-Macaulay ring -- Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy) -- Coherent sheaf -- Cohomology -- Cohomology group -- Coimage -- Cokernel -- Collatz conjecture -- Collision detection -- Colombeau algebra -- Column space -- Combinations -- Combinator -- Combinatorial enumeration -- Combinatorial geometry -- Combinatorial game theory -- Combinatorial game theory (history) -- Combinatorial logic -- Combinatorial species -- Combinatorial optimization -- Combinatorial topology -- Combinatorics -- Combinatory logic -- Comma-free code -- Common logarithm -- Common operator notation -- Commutant -- Commutative -- Commutative algebra -- Commutative diagram -- Commutative ring -- Commutativity -- Commutator -- Compact -- Compact dimenson -- Compact element -- Compact-open topology -- Compact operator -- Compact space -- Compactification -- Compactly generated group -- Compactness theorem -- Companion matrix -- Comparametric equation -- Compiler -- Complement -- Complement (mathematics) -- Complementary angles -- Complete bipartite graph -- Complete coloring -- Complete Fermi-Dirac integral -- Complete graph -- Complete Heyting algebra -- Complete lattice -- Complete measure -- Complete metric space -- Completely Hausdorff space -- Completeness -- Completeness (statistics) -- Completing the square -- Complex analysis -- Complete Cunningham chain -- Complex conjugate -- Complex dynamics -- Complex geometry -- Complex manifold -- Complex multiplication -- Complex number -- Complex plane -- Complexity -- Complexity classes P and NP -- Component-free treatment of tensors -- Composite function -- Composition of functions -- Composition series -- Compression (functional analysis) -- Computability -- Computability theory -- Computable number -- Computation -- Computational archaeology -- Computational chemistry -- Computational complexity theory -- Computational group theory -- Computational geometry -- Computational number theory -- Computer algebra -- Computer numbering formats -- Computer program -- Computer programming -- Computer science -- Computus -- Concatenate -- Concavity -- Concentric -- Concept lattice -- Concrete category -- Concrete illustration of the central limit theorem -- Concyclic -- Condition number -- Conditional expectation -- Conditional independence -- Conditional probability -- Condorcet, Marquis de -- Cone -- Confidence interval -- Confocal -- Conformal map -- Conformal geometry -- Congruence (geometry) -- Congruence of squares -- Congruence relation -- Congruence subgroup -- Conic section -- Conical surface -- Conifold -- Conjecture -- Conjugacy class -- Conjugate closure -- Conjugate transpose -- Conjugate element (field theory) -- Conjunctive normal form -- Connected -- Connected space -- Connected sum -- Connection (mathematics) -- Connection form -- Connes, Alain -- Co-NP -- Co-NP-complete -- Conservative force -- Consistency -- Constant -- Constant factor rule in differentiation -- Constant factor rule in integration -- Constant random variable -- Constraint satisfaction problem -- Constructible -- Constructible number -- Constructible polygon -- Constructions of low-discrepancy sequences -- Construction of real numbers -- Constructive proof -- Constructive Solid Geometry -- Constructivist analysis -- Contact (mathematics) -- Contact geometry -- Contact triangle -- Containment hierarchy -- Context-free grammar -- Context-sensitive grammar -- Context-sensitive language -- Continued fraction -- Continuity -- Continuous -- Continuity (topology) -- Continuity correction -- Continuous Fourier transform -- Continuous linear extension -- Continuous modelling -- Continuous optimization -- Continuous topology -- Continuous wavelet transform -- Continuum (mathematics) -- Continuum hypothesis -- Contractible -- Contraction mapping -- Contraction (mathematics) -- Contravariant -- Control flow graph -- Conull set -- Convergence -- Convergence of random variables -- Convex -- Convolution -- Convolution theorem -- Convolutional code -- Conway, John -- Conway group -- Conway's Game of Life -- Conway chained arrow -- Cook, Matthew -- Cooley, James -- Coordinate rotation -- Coordinate rotations and reflections -- Coordinate system -- Copenhagen interpretation -- Coprime -- Coproduct -- Correlation -- Correlation function (astronomy) -- Correspondence -- Correspondence principle -- Coset -- Coset enumeration -- Cosine -- Costa surface -- Costate equations -- Cotangent bundle -- Cotangent space -- Cotes, Roger -- Countable -- Countable sets -- Counter -- Counterexample -- Counting Counting measure -- Counting rods -- Cousin prime -- Cousin problems -- Covariance -- Covariance matrix -- Covariant -- Covariant derivative -- Covariant transformation -- Coverage data -- Covering lemma -- Covering map -- Coxeter, H.S.M. -- Coxeter group -- Cox's theorem -- Craig, John -- Cramér, Harold -- Cramér's conjecture -- Cramer's rule -- Cramer, Gabriel -- Critical graph -- Cross-cap -- Cross product -- Cross-polytope -- Cross-ratio -- Cross section -- Crossing number -- Crout decomposition -- Cryptanalysis -- Cryptoanalysis -- Cryptographers -- Cryptographic hash function -- Cryptographic key -- Cryptography -- Cryptology -- Crystal structure -- Crystallographic group -- Crystallographic point group -- C-star-algebra -- Cube (arithmetics) -- Cube (geometry) -- Cube root -- Cubic -- Cubic (crystal system) -- Cubic curve -- Cubic equation -- Cubic function -- Cubic spline -- Cubic surface -- Cuboctahedron -- Cuboid -- Cullen number -- Cullen prime -- Cumulant -- Cumulative distribution function -- Cunningham chain -- Cunningham chain of the first kind -- Cunningham chain of the second kind -- Cupola (geometry) - Curry, Haskell -- Currying -- Curvature -- Curvature form -- Curvature of Riemannian manifolds -- Curvature tensor -- Curvature vector -- Curve -- Curve of constant width -- Curve of pursuit -- Curves in differential geometry -- Curvilinear coordinates -- Curvilinear perspective -- Cusp -- Cusp form -- CW complex -- Cycle space -- Cycles -- Cyclic group -- Cyclic order -- Cyclic polygon -- Cyclic quadrilateral -- Cyclic redundancy check -- Cyclide -- Cycloid -- Cyclotomic field -- Cyclotomic identity -- Cyclotomic polynomial -- CYK algorithm -- Cylinder -- Cylindrical coordinate system --