| Case |
Usage |
Example |
Example language(s) |
| Abessive case |
by lack of something |
without the house |
Finnish |
| Ablative case (1) |
all-round indirect case |
concerning the house |
Latin, Sanskrit, Lithuanian |
| Ablative case (2) |
movement away from something. |
away from the house |
Finnish |
| Absolutive case |
subjects of intransitive verbs; object of transitive verbs |
the house [v.i.]; [v.t.] the house |
Basque |
| Accusative case |
direct object; receives the action directly |
[verb] the house |
Finnish, German, Esperanto, Latin, Russian,
Serbian, Lithuanian |
| Adessive case |
adjacent location |
near / at / by the house |
Finnish, Lithuanian |
| Allative case |
movement onto something. |
onto the house |
Finnish |
| Comitative case |
in company of something. |
with the house |
Estonian, Finnish, Hungarian |
| Dative case |
shows direction or receiver; indirect object |
for/to the house |
German, Latin, Russian, Serbian, Hindi,
Lithuanian |
| Dedative case
(Respective) |
related to something. |
related to the house |
Quenya |
| Elative case |
out of something. |
out of the house |
Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian |
| Ergative case |
like nominative, if the subject performs a transitive verb |
the house [v.t.] |
Basque, Samoan, Chechen, Inuktitut |
| Essive case |
marking a condition |
as the house |
Finnish, Middle
Egyptian |
| Genitive case |
shows relationship, possession |
of the house |
Finnish, German, Latin, Russian, Serbian, Greek, Dutch,
Lithuanian |
| Illative case |
movement into something. |
into the house |
Finnish, Lithuanian |
| Inessive case |
inside something. |
inside the house |
Estonian, Finnish, Hungarian |
| Instrumental case / Instructive case |
marking the usage |
by means of the house |
Russian, Serbian, Finnish, Sanskrit, Lithuanian |
| Locative case |
location |
at / on / in the house |
Serbian, Klingon, Sanskrit, Latvian |
| Nominative case |
normal subject case, with or without intransitive or transitive verb |
the house |
nearly all non-ergative, inflecting languages |
| Oblique case |
all-round case |
concerning the house |
Hindi |
| Partitive case |
used for amounts |
[three] of the houses |
Finnish |
| Possessive case |
direct possession of something. |
owned by the house |
Quenya |
| Postpositional
case |
when a postposition follows the noun |
the house in / by / with |
Hindi |
| Prepositional
case |
when a preposition precedes the noun |
in / by / with... the house |
Russian |
| Prolative case |
movement using a surface or way |
by way of / through the house |
Estonian, Finnish |
| Respective case
(Dedative) |
related to something. |
related to the house |
Quenya |
| Terminative case |
marking the end of a movement or time |
until / unto the house |
Estonian |
| Translative case |
change of a condition into another |
[to change] into the house |
Finnish, Hungarian |
| Vocative case |
used for addressing someone |
House! |
Latin, Greek, Serbian, Sanskrit, Lithuanian |