List of Fourier-related transforms

This is a list of linear transformations of functions related to the Fourier transform. Such transformations map a function to a set of coefficients of basis functions, where the basis functions are sinusoidal and are therefore strongly localized in the frequency spectrum. (These transforms are generally designed to be invertible.) In the case of the Fourier transform, each basis function corresponds to a single frequency component.

Applied to functions of continuous arguments, Fourier-related transforms include:

Laplace transform, a related continous-time transform
Continuous Fourier transform (often, just Fourier transform or FT), with special cases:
- Cosine transform and sine transform (for functions of even/odd symmetry)
- Fourier series (for periodic functions)
Hartley transform
Short-time Fourier transform (or short-term Fourier transform) (STFT)

For usage on computers, discrete arguments (e.g. functions of a series of discrete samples) are more appropriate, and are handled by the transforms (analogous to the continuous cases above):

Z-transform, a more general transform of which the DFT is a special case
Discrete Fourier transform (DFT), with special cases:
- Discrete cosine transform (DCT)
- Discrete sine transform (DST)
Modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT)
Discrete Hartley transform (DHT)
Also the discretized STFT (see above).

The usage of all of these transforms is greatly facilitated by the existence of efficient algorithms based on a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem is critical for understanding the output of such discrete transforms.