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Green Dragon Spring at Norris Geyser
A warm spring or hot spring is a place where warm or hot groundwater issues from the ground on a regular basis for at least a predictable part of the year, and is significantly above the ambient ground
temperature (which is usually around 55~57°F or 13~14°C in the eastern
United States). The water is
heated by geothermal heat, or heat
generated from the interior of the Earth. This occurs in various "hot spots", where
magma or other mantle
material is close to the surface. If the water becomes so heated that it builds steam
pressure and erupts in a jet above the surface of the Earth, it is called a geyser; if
the water only reaches the surface in the form of steam, it is called a fumarole; and if the water is mixed with mud and clay, it is called a mud pot.
Warm springs are sometimes the result of hot and cold springs mixing but may also occur outside of geothermal areas, such as
Warm Springs, Georgia (frequented for its therapeutic effects by polio-stricken
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who built the Little White House there). Because heated water can hold more dissolved solids and gases, warm and especially hot springs also often have a very high mineral
content, containing everything from simple calcium to lithium, and even radium. Because of both the folklore and the proven medical value some of these springs
have, they are often popular tourist destinations, and locations for rehabilitation clinics for those with disabilities. [1] [2]
The countries most famous for hot springs are Iceland and New Zealand. The onsen plays a notable role
in Japanese culture.
At least four United States national parks feature hot springs:
Other hot or warm springs are located in:
See also
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