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A homemaker is a person whose prime occupation is to care
for their family and home. The term
homemaker is used in preference to either housewife or househusband because it is inclusive,
defines the role in terms of activities, rather than relation to another, and is independent of marital status.
Traditionally this role has been filled predominantly by women. It is still the case today in most societies and many men and
women alike view that a homemaker is the natural, appropriate and most fulfilling role for women. Reasons for choosing the occupation of a housewife vary, but many women choose it largely
because of financial benefits and their view of families. In many countries, including the United States and Japan, housewives can further claim certain
tax deductions. Feminists have criticized this tax policy of giving unfair
financial incentive for young women to choose a housewife or a part-time job over full time job.
Feminist critique
Recently, many feminists, beginning with Betty Friedan, have criticised the marginalisation of women as housewives. Feminists generally suggest that
homemaking should be an appropriate role for a parent of either sex. Also, they maintain that housewives can become socially
isolated by being tied to their home.
Economics
Homemakers are usually financially dependent on members of the household who are employed; however, people working full-time
(particularly under "at-will employment" arrangements) are also
financially dependent. In many employment situations, women still face discrimination in salary and eployment conditions; the
relationship between these facts and women's homemaking role are complex.
Formal education
A range of educational and practical experiences can prepare someone for an occupation at home. In high school, they may for
instance study cooking, nutrition,
home economics, family and consumer science or food and cooking hygiene. However, many of these skills are acquired by experience and observation
of domestic routines during childhood.
Male role in homemaking
Househusbands are seen in increasing numbers in Western culture, since the late 20th century. In East Asian nations like Japan and South Korea this is less common, and the traditional view of women is still dominant.
The belief that homemaking is "women's work" remains pervasive (see gender
role), and the large majority of homemakers remains female.
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