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The Dempster-Shafer theory is a mathematical theory of evidence
that was introduced in the late 1970s by Glenn Shafer.
It is a way of representing epistemic knowledge. It developed from a
sequence of works of Arthur
Dempster, who was Shafer's advisor.
In this formalism the best representation of chance is a belief function rather than a Bayesian probability distribution. Probability values are assigned to sets of possibilities rather than
single events: their appeal rests on the fact they naturally encode evidence in favor of propositions.
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