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A constraint is a limitation of possibilities. In particular, a constraint is a restriction of the feasible
solutions in an optimization problem.
In the theory of constraints, it is any factor that
limits the performance of a system with respect to its goal.
To take a simple example: a chain has 5 links, each link capable of holding a maximum weight of 5, 7, 4, 8 and 6 tonnes
respectively. The maximum weight the chain can hold is clearly 4 tonnes – the limit imposed by the weakest link. In this
case, all 5 links have limits to their strength, but the 3rd link is the constraint because it is the greatest
restriction on the system.
Eliyahu M. Goldratt maintains that any business system has
- at least one constraint, otherwise its performance would be infinite
- very few constraints, otherwise it would be unstable and cease to exist
The concept of constraint is the basis for Goldratt's process of focused improvement.
See also
For constraints in literature, see constrained writing and in theatre, see Theatrical constraints.
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