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Note: an anchorage is a place where a ship lays anchor. See
also: Anchorage, Kentucky.
Anchorage, Alaska is a city in the U.S. State of Alaska. It is also a census area. With
260,283 residents according to the 2000 census, Anchorage is the largest city in the state
of Alaska, composing somewhat less than half of the state's population. Anchorage is an
independent city, not part of any larger borough or census area.
Anchorage is administrated by a elected mayor and city council, and a city manager.
Anchorage is located in South Central Alaska, at 61
degrees north latitude (about the same as Stockholm and St. Petersburg), -149 degrees longitude (about the same as Hawaii), northeast
of the Alaska Peninsula,
Kodiak Island, and Cook
Inlet, due north of the Kenai Peninsula, northwest of Prince William Sound and Alaska Panhandle, and south of almost everything else in the state (nearly due south of Mount McKinley/Denali). The city is
situated on a triangular peninsula bordered on the east by the rugged, scenic,
and eminently hike-worthy Chugach Mountains, on the northwest by
the Knik Arm, and on the southwest by the Turnagain Arm, both of which are arms of the Cook Inlet. Adjacent to the north is Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska. To
the south is Kenai Peninsula Borough,
Alaska, and to the east is Valdez-Cordova Census Area, Alaska.
Despite having wide and treacherous mudflats rather than beaches, Anchorage is a
major port, as well as a major hub of the famous Alaska Railroad. Major industries include government and military, oil,
and tourism. There are two strategically important U.S. military bases bordering
Anchorage on the north: Elmendorf Air Force Base and Fort Richardson. Nearly all Alaska
Interior-bound tourists pass through Anchorage at some stage of their journeys in Alaska. Not surprisingly, summer is tourist season, and downtown Anchorage, as well as the highways leading north
and south of town, are typically teeming with tourists then.
Average daytime summer temperatures are approximately 55 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit (13 to 21 degrees Celsius); average daytime winter temperatures are about 5 to 20 degrees (-15 to -7
degrees Celsius) (warmer than many places in "The Lower 48"). The weather
on any given day and indeed for entire seasons can be very unpredictable. Some winters feature several feet of snow and bitterly
cold temperatures, while others, just a foot or two of snow and constant, annoying thaws, which puts dangerous ice on the
streets. (This has forced Anchoragites to be become rather good drivers.) Summers are typically very mild and pleasant, though it
can rain quite a bit then. There isn't any beach-bathing in Anchorage, except at a few local lakes on the warmest summer days,
and then those lakeside beaches can be extremely popular. Aside from the winter cold, which most Alaskans don't mind, there are
two primary nuisances associated with the seasons: in the summer, mosquitos (which are much worse out in the Bush than in the city itself); in the winter, long nights and very short days.
Since Anchorage is at such a high latitude, for months in mid-winter, residents go to work in the dark and return home in the
dark. Those who don't study or work next to a window can go all week long without seeing the sun. Consequently, Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is an acknowledged
problem in Anchorage and in Alaska generally.
Anchoragites exemplify many of the qualities to be found among Alaskans generally: independence, friendliness,
practical-mindedness, and a love of the outdoors. There is, even among businesspeople in Anchorage, a tendency to "dress down."
This, and a sort of frontier spirit that still lives on in Alaska generally, gives
Anchorage a relatively casual, relaxed atmosphere compared to some other American cities. (These cultural characteristics are
only more exaggerated the farther one moves out of the city into the rest of Alaska.)
The city has traditionally served as a destination for immigrants, and there are active Asian, Eastern European, and Hispanic
communities, along with various groups of indigenous Alaska natives. Anchorage has an airport called Ted Stevens Anchorage
International Airport.
Anchorage was carefully laid out by city planners in 1914, originally as a railroad construction port for the Alaska
Railroad, and in 1915, the first sales of town lots were held. In 1920, the United States government relinquished its direct control over the city, and elections were held.
Anchorage was incorporated on August 15, 1938. Growth began in the 1940s, with the construction of [Elmendorf Air Force
Base and Fort Richardson, which made Anchorage into a major defence centre. After Alaska became a state, Anchorage faced a severe
housing shortage, which was solved partially by suburban expansion.
There was a massive, incredibly destructive earthquake on March 27, 1964 called the Good Friday Earthquake, and the earthquake danger has perhaps
prompted a limit on the height of buildings in Anchorage; the tallest buildings are 21 stories high. The city has an attractive
skyline nonetheless, particularly with the Chugach Mountains,
Cook Inlet, or the oft-visible Mount McKinley (also known as Denali) as a backdrop. From Government Hill, one can have the
best view of Mount McKinley. Though space is limited in the "Anchorage bowl," as locals call the peninsula on which the city is
located, many parks, greenbelts, and other undeveloped areas can be found within the city itself, making it particularly
attractive to nature lovers (to say nothing of the attractions available just a short distance outside the city). Over the past
thirty years, however, many of these undeveloped areas have filled in with houses, strip malls, and other development.
Nonetheless, there is an enormous amount of land under the Anchorage municipal control: some 1,955 square miles (about the size
of Delaware). The vast majority of this land is located within the Chugach
mountains to the east of the city, which also comprise Chugach State Park.
There is a branch of the University of
Alaska in east-central Anchorage. Despite the remoteness of the location, the arts thrive in the city. The city boasts a
symphony orchestra, an opera company and concert association, and numerous independent performance groups. There are even weekly
sessions of Irish traditional music and other sorts
of music.
There are other features of Anchorage that make it unique: the huge tidal range, second in the world; multiple, beautiful
cross-country ski trails; the Fur Rendezvous festival, held each February; a relatively high percentage of airplane pilots (with
several airports and landing strips in the city or nearby); a very low population density for a city its size; frequent small
earthquakes; spring windstorms ("Chinook winds"); erupting volcanoes nearby
(to the southwest, in the Alaska Range, there are active volcanoes such as
Mount St Augustine,
Iliamna volcano, and
others, that have coated the city with ash); its extreme youth (it was founded in 1915 and
didn't grow much until the 1940s); and much else besides. Despite all this, Anchorage is
definitely an American city, replete with an enterprising business sensibility, large shopping malls, a lot of
automobiles (one can't easily move about by foot and public transportation in the middle of winter), areas of town resembling
suburbs (and two sizable actual suburbs, Eagle River and Chugiak), a downtown skyline, etc.
External links
For more information on Anchorage, Alaska, see the website of the Anchorage Convention and Visitors Bureau or the Municipality of Anchorage .
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