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In mathematics, the affine group of any affine space over a field K is the group
of all invertible affine transformations from the space
into itself. It is a Lie group if K is the real or complex field.
There is more than one convenient way to describe the structure of affine groups. There is the abstract result that it is a
semidirect product: this is given on the affine space page. There is a a more down-to-earth matrix representation: represent
a pair (M, v) where M is an n×n matrix over K, and v a
1×n column vector, by the (n+1)×(n+1) matrix (M*|v*) where M* is the
(n+1)×n matrix formed by adding a row of zeroes below M, and v* is the column matrix of size
n+1 formed by adding a 1 below v.
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