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for other uses see Aeschylus
(disambiguation)
Aeschylus (525 BC - 456
BC) was a playwright of ancient Greece. Born in Eleusis, he wrote his first plays in 498 BC, but
his earliest surviving play is possibly The Suppliants,
written in approximately 490 BC. That same year, he participated in the Battle of Marathon, and in 480
BC he fought at the Battle of Salamis. Salamis was the
subject of his play The Persians, written in 472 BC; it is possible that The Suppliants was written after this, making The
Persians his earliest surviving play.
Aeschylus was the earliest of the three greatest Greek tragedians, the others being Sophocles and Euripides. Aeschylus' work has a strong moral and
religious emphasis. Many of his plays end more "happily" than those of the other two; namely, his masterpiece The Oresteia trilogy. Besides the literary merit of his work, Aeschylus'
greatest contribution to the theater was the addition of a second actor to his scenes. Previously, the action took place between
a single actor and the Greek chorus.
Aeschylus is known to have written over 70 plays, only six of which remain extant:
In addition, the canon of Aeschylus' plays includes a seventh, Prometheus Bound. Attributed to Aeschylus in antiquity, it is considered by some modern scholars to
be the work of an unknown fourth-century playwright (though there is
still controversy over this play).
In 2003 another Aeschylus play was discovered in the wrappings of a mummy in Egypt. The play, Achilles, was part of a trilogy about the Trojan War. It was known to exist due to mentions in ancient sources, but had been lost for over 2000
years.
Aeschylus frequently travelled to Sicily, where the tyrant of Gela was a patron. In 458
he travelled there for the last time; according to traditional legend, Aeschylus was killed in 456 when an eagle (or more likely a Lammergeier), mistaking the
playwright's bald crown for a stone, dropped a tortoise on his head.
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