1913

1913 is a common year starting on Wednesday. (click on link for calendar)

Years: 1910 1911 1912 - 1913 - 1914 1915 1916
Decades: 1880s 1890s 1900s - 1910s - 1920s 1930s 1940s
Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1913 in aviation 1913 in film 1913 in literature 1913 in music 1913 in science 1913 in sports 1913 state leaders 1913 in Canada

Table of contents

1 Events

Events

January 30 - House of Lords rejects Irish Home Rule Bill
February 1 - New York City's Grand Central Station opens as the world's largest train station.
February 3 - The 16th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect income tax.
February 17 - The Armory Show opens in New York City. It displays works of artists who are to become some of the most influential painters of the early 20th century
February 19 - Prizes are included in Cracker Jack candy boxes for the first time
March 4 - End of term for President of the United States William Howard Taft. He is succeedeb by Thomas Woodrow Wilson.
March 12 - Canberra becomes the capital of Australia
March 18 - George I of Greece is assassinated.
March 20 - Sung Chiao-jen, a founder of the Chinese nationalist party (KMT) is wounded in an assassination attempt and dies 2 days after.
March 26 - Balkan War: Bulgarian forces take Adrianople.
April 8 - Passing of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, dictating the direct election of senators.
April 24 - Woolworth Building opening ceremony.
May 13 - Igor Sikorsky becomes the first person to pilot a four engine aircraft.
May 14 - New York Governor William Sulzer approves the charter for the Rockefeller Foundation which begins operations with a $100,000,000 donation from John D. Rockefeller.
May 29 - Igor Stravinsky's ballet score The Rite of Spring is premiered in Paris
May 30 - First Balkan War: A peace treaty is signed in London ending the war.
June 4 - Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of the king's horse, Anmer, at the Epsom Derby. She is trampled and dies a few days later, never having regained consciousness.
June 15 Bud Bagsak Massacre: US troops under General John 'Black Jack' Pershing killed at least 2,000 relatively defenceless men, women and children, Bud Bagsak, Philippines.
July 10 - Death Valley, California hits 134 °F (~56.7 °C) which is the highest temperature recorded in the United States (as of2004).
August 20 - 700 feet above Buc, France, parachutist Adolphe Pegond becomes the first person to jump from an airplane and land safely.
October 10 - US President Woodrow Wilson triggered the explosion of the Gamboa Dike thus ending construction on the Panama Canal.
November 5 - The insane king Otto of Bavaria is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumed the title Ludwig III.
November 6 - Mohandas Gandhi is arrested while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.
December 1 - Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving assembly line, reducing chassis assembly time from 12 1/2 hours in October to 2 hours, 40 minutes (although Ford was not the first to use an assembly line, his successful adoption of one did spark an era of mass production).
December 12 - Emperor of Ethiopia Menelik II dies and is succeeded by his grandson Iyasu V of Ethiopia.

de Sitter: speed of light is independent of speed of source
Sagnac: speed of light depends on speed of rotating platform
Painting September Morn creates a national sensation in U.S.

Year in topic

1913 in aviation
1913 in film
- The first Charlie Chaplin movies are made
- December 29 - The first serial motion picture, The Unwelcome Throne is released by Seligs Polyscope Company.
1913 in literature
1913 in music
- near-riot at premiere of Stravinsky's Rite of Spring
1913 in sports

Births

January 5 - Jean-Pierre Aumont, actor
January 6 - Loretta Young, actress (d. 2000)
January 9 - Richard M. Nixon, President of the United States (d. 1994)
January 15 - Lloyd Bridges, actor (d. 1998)
January 18 - Danny Kaye, actor (d. 1987)
January 29 - Peter von Zahn, journalist and writer
February 4 - Rosa Parks, civil rights activist
February 6 - Mary Leakey, anthropologist (d. 1996)
February 11 - Lucio Diestro, composer.
February 13 - George Barker, British poet (d. 1991)
February 14 - Jimmy Hoffa, labor union leader (d. 1975 - disappeared)
February 14 - Mel Allen, sports reporter (d. 1996)
February 25 - Gert Fröbe, actor (d. 1988)
February 25 - Jim Backus, actor (d. 1989)
February 27 - Irwin Shaw, writer (d. 1984)
March 4 - John Garfield, actor (d. 1952)
March 13 - William Casey, director of the Central Intelligence Agency (d. 1987)
March 18 - René Clément, French film director (d. 1996)
March 29 - Tony Zale, world champion boxer (d. 1997)
March 29 - R. S. Thomas, Welsh poet (d. 2000)
March 30 - Richard Helms, director of the Central Intelligence Agency (d. 2002)
March 30 - Frankie Laine, singer
May 11 - Robert Jungk, publicist and futurologist (d. 1994)
May 16 - Woody Herman, musician, band leader (d. 1987)
May 20 - William Hewlett, cofounder of Hewlett-Packard
May 26 - Peter Cushing, British actor (d. 1994)
June 10 - Tikhon Khrennikov, Soviet composer
June 11 - Vince Lombardi, American football coach
June 18 – Robert Mondavi, leading American wine maker
June 28 - Franz Antel, Austrian filmmaker
July 14 - Gerald Ford, American president.
August 28 - Robertson Davies, Canadian novelist
September 12 - Jesse Owens, American athlete
September 15 - John N. Mitchell, former United States Attorney General and convicted Watergate criminal.
September 29 - Trevor Howard, actor
September 30 - Bill Walsh, Movie producer and writer.
November 2 - Burt Lancaster, actor
November 5 - Vivien Leigh, British actress
November 7 - Albert Camus, writer
November 22 - Benjamin Britten, composer
December 6 - Eleanor Holm - American swimmer

Deaths

January 1 - Alfred von Schlieffen, German field marshal
January 2 - Léon Teisserenc de Bort, French meteorologist
March 10 - Harriet Tubman, Underground Railroad conductor, anti-slavery activist
March 22 - Sung Chiao-jen, a founder of KMT
March 31 - John Pierpont Morgan, American financier and banker
June 5 - Chris von der Ahe, brewer, baseball owner
July 3 - Horatio Nelson Young, American naval hero
October 5 - Hans von Bartels, German painter
December 12 - Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia
Alfred Russel Wallace, Welsh biologist

Nobel Prizes

Physics - Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes
Chemistry- Alfred Werner
Medicine - Charles Robert Richet
Literature - Rabindranath Tagore
Peace - Henri La Fontaine

Heads of State

China -
1. Sun Yat-Sen, President of the Republic of China (1912-1913)
2. Yuan Shikai, President of the Republic of China (1913-1916)
Denmark - Christian X, King of Denmark (1912-1947)
France -
1. Armand Fallières, President of France (1906-1913)
2. Raymond Poincaré, President of France (1913-1920)
Germany - Wilhelm II, German Kaiser (1888-1918)
Holy See - Pope Pius X, Bishop of Rome (1903-1914)
Japan - Yoshihito, Taisho Emperor (1912-1926)
Norway - Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905-1957)
Ottoman Empire - Mehmed V, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1909-1918)
Russia - Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia (1894-1917)
Spain - Alfonso XIII of Spain, King of Spain (1886-1931)
United States -
1. William Howard Taft, President of the United States (1909-1913)
2. Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States (1913-1921)